If compressive residual stresses are now introduced into the material by means of shot peening, they must first be overcome by tensile forces before a crack can occur at the edges of the material. The residual compressive stresses applied are responsible for the improved properties of the material and can be precisely determined, either indirectly by the Almen intensity or directly by a destructive test. The residual compressive stresses introduced into the workpiece are achieved by using a blast wheel, compressed air or an injector in the blasting system to hurl the abrasive (ceramic grains, stainless steel wire grain) at high speed against the surface of the workpiece to be treated. Stress and vibration crack corrosion can also be greatly reduced as a result of this process. The purpose of this process is to eliminate the tensile stresses present in some materials and thus improve their fatigue strength.
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